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Johann Augustin Pucher〔Gernsheim, Helmut. (1955). ''The History of Photography'', p. 150.〕 (August 26, 1814 – August 7, 1864; (スロベニア語:Janez Avguštin Puhar)〔Čast, komur čast gre. 1849. ''Kmetijske in rokodelske novice.'' 7(48) (28 November):209.〕 or ''Ivan Pucher''〔Lampe, Frančišek. 1893. Ivan Pucher, svetlopisec. ''Dom in svet'' 6: 144, 240, 382.〕) was a Slovene Catholic priest, inventor, scientist, photographer, artist, and poet. Pucher invented a very unusual process for making photographs on glass. Although his were not the first glass photographs,〔Gernsheim, Helmut. (1986). ''A Concise History of Photography'', third revised edition. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 9, 16.〕〔Herschel, John. (1839). (9 May 1839 letter ) from John Herschel to Henry Fox Talbot describing specimens shown to him by Louis Daguerre. Accessed 4 September 2014.〕〔Several standard histories of photography widely available during the past sixty years have mentioned the photographs on glass made by John Herschel in September 1839 (e.g., Gernsheim 1986, p. 16), sometimes including an illustration. What is by some definitions the very first successful photograph (i.e., an image produced by the action of light but reasonably light-fast and durable in its final form), a contact-exposed copy of an engraving, was made on glass by the bitumen process of Nicéphore Niépce in 1822 (Gernsheim 1986, p. 9). The later physautotype process, co-invented by Niépce and Louis Daguerre in the early 1830s, was also used to produce photographs on glass, possibly including one mentioned by John Herschel in a 9 May 1839 letter to Henry Fox Talbot in which he reports visiting Daguerre in Paris and being shown "... all his Pictures on Silver ... and also one on glass" (Herschel 1839). Like Pucher's process, these experimental pre-1840 glass processes were never commercialized.〕 as has been mistakenly claimed, his invention is unique among 19th century processes as the only one not based on expensive silver halide chemistry and yet sensitive enough for use in a camera, with exposure times comparable to the daguerreotype and calotype. Other non-silver processes, such as the cyanotype, were practical only for making prints or photograms in direct sunlight. Pucher's process was never commercialized and he may have kept key details secret, as recent attempts to recreate it based on the contemporary published information have so far been unsuccessful. Modern non-destructive testing of surviving original specimens has confirmed the chemically unusual nature of the images. == Life == Pucher was born on August 26 in 1814 in Kranj. His surname is of German origin and is given as ''Pucher'' in his baptismal record.〔(Urbančič, Vojko. 2014. Dvestoletnica rojstva Janeza Puharja. ''Delo'' (26 August). )〕 At the time, the present-day Slovenia was a part of the Austrian Empire and named the Duchy of Carniola. Pucher's predecessors had been declared as having lived in Kranj since the beginning of the 17th century. The name underwent some changes and can be found in several spelling variations: ''Puhar, Puher, Puchar, Pucher, Puechar, Puecher''. He didn't have any children, but many of his relatives still live in Kranj, Ljubljana and elsewhere in Slovenia and abroad. In school he was an outstanding student as a child, curious, intelligent, interested in natural sciences, art, languages, astronomy and especially in chemistry and physics. He wanted to study art, but – as usual for that time – obeyed his mother's wish and became a priest. He was extremely talented. Beside the duties of a priest he was attracted to experimenting in photography and art – he drew and painted, wrote songs and produced his own instruments. He spoke several European and Oriental languages. His path: Kranj, Ljubljana, Leskovec, Svibno, Metlika, Ljubno, Radovljica, Bled, Cerklje, Smlednik, Kamnik in Dovje. He died in his birthplace Kranj. Pucher was unavoidably attracted by photography. When the French Academy announced the invention of daguerreotype (19 August 1839) he soon mastered the process. But it was too expensive, so he developed his own way of making photographs. On April 19, 1842, Pucher invented photography on glass. He called it hyalotype or "svetlopis" in Slovenian. His photos are also called puharotypes, in his honor. The first report about his invention was published in the newspaper Carniolia in 1841. In Bled, where Pucher spent the happiest period of his life, he met a French viscount Louis de Dax, who wrote about his talents in the Parisian magazine La Lumière. After his successes during the Bled period, the Church moved him to a small village Cerklje, where his contacts with interesting people and news from abroad lessened. He was still experimenting but the photography development went in other directions. He became sick from his experiments with harmful substances and died at just 49 years old. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johann Pucher」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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